Also, inhalation of these particles (particles smaller than 2.5 μm) resulted in an estimated 8.9 million deaths in 2015. Several studies have shown the severe impact of the respiration of nanoparticles on the respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Airborne particles of natural origin (volcanic eruptions, dust storms, naturally occurring fires) and man-made (such as industrial emissions) are on a nanometer scale. In fact, the main purpose of using masks is to prevent inhalation and to trap the airborne particles (natural or man-made), and biological organisms (bacteria, viruses, prions, and fungi), , ]. In this situation to protect the population, an effective solution is individual containment, it is the use of a high-performance mask. We are currently living in a time when covid-19 is already causing the infection of more than 2.5 million people and more than 300,000 deaths worldwide. Finally, special attention was given to the numerical simulation related to the different existing mechanisms. The environmental conditions affecting the penetration as well as the quality of the fabrication are studied. Moreover, the related mechanisms of the penetration of the aerosols through the masks are discussed. In this paper, the literature about the different kinds of face masks and respiratory masks, common cases of their application, and the advantages and disadvantages of them in this regard have been reviewed. To achieve this concept, knowledge about the mechanisms of the penetration of the aerosols through the masks at different effective environmental conditions is necessary. Therefore, the challenge is to fabricate the filtration masks with higher efficiency to decrease the penetration percentage at the nastiest conditions. The filtration efficiency of the different masks against these aerosols are not the same, as the particles have different sizes, shapes, and properties. The aerosols can be pollution existence in the air, or the infectious airborne viruses initiated from the sneezing, coughing of the infected people. They are considered as protective equipment to preserve the respiratory system against the non-desirable air droplets and aerosols such as the viral or pollution particles.
The masks have always been mentioned as an effective tool against environmental threats.
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